Instituto MERR
Instituto de Educación, Investigación y Rehabilitación Marina
PARA REPORTAR UN VARAMIENTO, LLAME
302.228.5029
ESPECIES DE FOCAS
Las focas salpican las playas de Delaware, con frecuencia solo buscan un lugar para descansar después de darse un festín con varios peces, mariscos y crustáceos cerca del fondo del océano.
Harbor Seal
(Phoca vitulina)
Anatomy:
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Lack external ear flaps; blue-gray in color with light and dark speckles; have short forelimbs; short, concave snouts
Size:
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Adults are about 6 ft in length and can weigh up to 245 lbs
Behavior:
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Haul out on land; rest with head on surface and flippers elevated
Prey:
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Fish, shellfish, crustaceans
Reproduction:
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Mate at sea; gives birth during the spring and summer months; pups are nursed for about 24 days and can swim right after being born
Location:
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Temperate coastal habitats; non-migratory; occur on both east and west coasts of the U.S.; most common seal found along the U.S. east coast
Status:
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Candidate
Threats:
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Entanglement in fishing nets, pollution, human disturbance
Harbor Seal
(Phoca vitulina)
Harp Seal
(Pagophilus groenlandicus)
Anatomy:
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Lack external ear flaps; robust body with small, flat head; narrow snout with eight pairs of teeth in upper and lower jaws; front flippers have strong claws; back flippers have smaller, narrower claws; light gray in color with a black face and harp shaped black saddle on their backs (refers to common name); pups have long, white fur and molt as they grow older
Size:
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Adults are 5-6 ft in length and can weigh about 300 lbs; pups are less than 3 ft when born and can weigh about 25 lbs
Behavior:
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Seasonally migrate in large groups; migrate north to Arctic summer feeding grounds after molting; maximum dive depth is 1,200 ft; maximum dive duration is about 16 minutes; use their front flippers to move along the surface of the land
Prey:
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Small fish and krill
Reproduction:
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Females give birth from late February to mid-March; pups nurse on milk for 12 days to acquire blubber
Location:
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Found in pack ice in North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans; can occur from Maine to Delaware:
Threats:
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Hunting, entanglement in fishing nets, habitat destruction, pollution, human disturbance
Harp Seal
(Pagophilus groenlandicus)
Gray Seal
(Halichoerus grypus)
Anatomy:
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Females are a silver-gray in color with dark spots; males are dark gray in color with silver spots and a long, arched nose; pups are composed of white fur for three weeks until they molt; lack external ear flaps; short forelimbs
Size:
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Adults can be 7.5-10 ft in length and can weigh between 550-880 lbs; pups weigh about 35 lbs when born
Behavior:
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Males compete for females; maximum dive depth is 1,560 ft; are often found in a vertical position in the water with just their heads showing; social feeding is often used
Prey:
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Fish, crustaceans, squid, octopus, seabirds
Reproduction:
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Gather in large groups for mating; males compete with each other for females; gestation period for females is 11.5 months; pups are born in January-February
Location:
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Found in coastal waters; Western north Atlantic, Eastern north Atlantic, Baltic Sea; can be found on sandbars, icebergs, islands, ice shelves, and rocky coasts
Threats:
-
Hunting, pollution, entanglement in fishing nets, human disturbance
Gray Seal
(Halichoerus grypus)
Hooded Seal
(Cystophora cristata)
Anatomy:
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Adults have silver-gray fur with dark blotches, and a black head; pups are blue-gray in color; adult males have a bi-lobed nasal cavity called a hood that when inflated is red in color to attract females and scare away other males
Size:
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Males can be 8 ft in length and weigh up to 660 lbs; females can be 7 ft in length and weigh up to 440 lbs; pups are 3 ft when born and weigh about 55 lbs
Behavior:
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Migratory and can drift long distances; unsocial; aggressive and territorial; dive to about 325-1,950 feet deep for 15 min
Prey:
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Crustaceans, squid, fish, starfish, and mussels
Reproduction:
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Spring is when they gather to breed for 2-3 weeks; pups are weaned in 3-5 days after birth; molt before starting migration for the year
Location:
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Found on pack ice and in deep waters; colder climates are the best for their survival; inhabit the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans
Threats:
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Hunting, entanglement in fishing nets